An Inflammatory MicroRNA Involved in Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis.
Abstract
An Inflammatory MicroRNA Involved in Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis: International Journal of Medical Laboratory. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease that affects the brain and spinal cord. Dysregulation or mutation of miRNA genes have been linked to the pathogenesis of MS. The miRNAs are short, 20-22 nucleotide long, single-stranded regulatory and non-protein coding RNAs that modulate the expression of multiple target genes. Among miRNAs, miR-223 has been reported to play a critical role in MS. This review concentrates on the emerging role of miR223 in inflammatory responses and specifically discusses how alterations in miR-223 expression are associated with the development of MS. This review also suggests that miR-223 can be used as a biomarker for diagnosis of MS and discovering novel therapeutics for MS treatment.
Introduction; An Inflammatory MicroRNA Involved in Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic disorder of the brain and spinal cord, is the most common autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease primarily affecting young adults, which leads to irreversible disability [1, 2]. Similar to all complex traits, the development and clinical phenotypes of MS are affected by an interplay between environmental risk. Factors including infection, smoking, sunlight exposure and vitamin D deficiency with genetic susceptibility of polygenic nature [3- 5]. The clinical course of MS is heterogeneous and is characterized by relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), portrayed as a primary episode of neurological dysfunction followed by a remission period and then repeating bouts of relapse and remission. Affecting twice as many women as men. Secondary progressive MS (SPMS) and primary progressive MS (PPMS) are other common clinical courses of this disease [6-8]. RRMS can progress to SPMS in 75% of patients within two decades.
MicroRNAs
The microRNAs (miRNAs) are short, singlestranded 20-22 nucleotide-long regulatory and non-protein coding RNA modulating the expression of multiple target genes. The
miRNA function has been detected in different biological processes. Including differentiation, cell proliferation, development and apoptosis in several cell types such as myeloid cells in the immune system and neuronal cells in the central nervous system [9-14].